Most crimes in Washington are prosecuted at the state level. However, in certain situations, the federal government steps in, placing the accused in a separate legal system with its own procedures, judges, and sentencing rules.
Why does this happen? What determines whether a case stays in Washington state court or moves to federal court? Several key factors influence this decision, and we’ll discuss some of them in this article.
Jurisdiction: When Washington State Courts vs. Federal Courts Handle a Case
Criminal cases are prosecuted by the government that has jurisdiction over the crime.
Washington state courts handle violations of state laws, such as assault, theft, and DUI. The federal government prosecutes crimes that violate federal statutes or involve federal agencies.
A case is more likely to go to federal court if:
- The crime crosses state lines (such as drug trafficking or kidnapping).
- The offense occurs on federal property (like a national park, military base, or government building).
- A federal agency, such as the FBI, DEA, or IRS, leads the investigation.
- The crime involves federal programs or institutions (such as Medicare fraud).
In some cases, both state and federal governments have jurisdiction, meaning a person could face charges in both courts.
Types of Crimes in Washington That Often Go to Federal Court
While many crimes are handled in Washington state courts, some offenses are more likely to be prosecuted at the federal level.
Here are a few examples:
- Drug trafficking: Large-scale drug distribution cases involving federal agencies like the DEA often end up in federal court.
- White-collar crimes: Fraud, embezzlement, and insider trading that involve federal laws or multi-state schemes are prosecuted federally.
- Cybercrime: Hacking, identity theft, and online fraud often fall under federal jurisdiction, especially involving interstate communication.
- Crimes against federal officers: Assaulting or threatening a federal agent (such as a border patrol officer or FBI agent) is a federal offense.
- Child pornography and sex trafficking: The federal government aggressively prosecutes cases involving the exploitation of minors, particularly when digital evidence crosses state lines.
How Federal Charges Differ from Washington State Charges
If a case moves to federal court, the legal process and penalties can be far more severe than in Washington state court.
- More resources for investigation: Federal agencies have bigger budgets and more time to build strong cases.
- Harsher penalties: Federal sentencing guidelines impose mandatory minimum sentences for many offenses, making it harder to negotiate reduced punishment.
- Longer investigations: Federal cases often take months or years before charges are filed.
- Prison locations: Federal prisons are often far from a defendant’s home, making it harder for family members to visit.
Facing Federal Charges in Washington? Contact Philip Wakefield of Snohomish Law Group
Federal cases are complex, and the penalties can be severe. Philip Wakefield of Snohomish Law Group has the experience to handle both Washington state and federal criminal cases, fighting for you every step of the way.
Don’t wait to build your defense. Contact Philip Wakefield today to discuss your case.
